Как избежать климатических катастроф?: План Б 4.0: спасение цивилизации - Лестер Браун

200

J. R. Pegg, “The Earth is Melting, Arctic Native Leader Warns”, Environment News Service, 16 September 2004; ACIA, op. cit note 27, p. 8.

201

ACIA, op. cit. note 27; Steven C. Amstrup, Bruce G. Marcot, and David C. Douglas, Forecasting the Range-wide Status of Polar Bears at Selected Times in the 21st Century (Reston, VA: U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), 2007), p. 2.

202

Julienne Stroeve et al., “Arctic Sea Decline: Faster than Forecast”, Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 34 (May 2007); National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), “Arctic Sea Ice Shatters All Previous Record Lows”, press release (Boulder, CO: 1 October 2007); R. Kwok et al., “Thinning and Volume Loss of the Arctic Ocean Sea Ice Cover: 2003–2008”, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 114 (7 July 2009).

203

David Adam, “Meltdown Fear as Arctic Ice Cover Falls to Record Winter Low”, Guardian (London), 15 May 2006; Kevin Rollason, “Arctic to See First Ice-Free Summer in 2015”, Canwest News Service (Canada), 6 December 2008; Винсент процитирован в работе: David Ljunggren, “Arctic Summer Ice Could Vanish by 2013: Expert”, Reuters, 5 March 2009: Струве процитирован в статье: “Arctic Ice Retreating 30 Years Ahead of Projections”, Environment News Service, 30 April 2007.

204

NSIDC, “Processes: Thermodynamics: Albedo” — см.: nsdic.org/seaice/ processe/albedo.html; просмотрено автором 26 июля 2007 г.

205

UNEP, op. cit., note 2.

206

J. L. Chen, C. R. Wilson, and D. D. Tapley, “Satellite Gravity Measurements Confirm Accelerated Melting of Greenland Ice Sheet”, Science, vol. 313 (29 September 2006), pp. 1, 958–960; Isabella Velicogna and John Wahr, “Acceleration of Greenland Ice Mass Loss in Spring 2004”, Nature, vol. 443 (21 September 2006), pp. 329–331; S. B. Luthke et al., “Recent Greenland Ice Mass Loss from Drainage System from Satellite Gravity Observations”, Science, vol. 314 (24 November 2006), pp. 1, 286–289; “Gravity Measurements Confirm Greenland’s Glaciers Precipitous Meltdown”, Scientific American, 19 October 2006.

207

Paul Brown, “Melting Ice Cap Triggering Earthquakes”, Guardian (London), 8 September 2007; Robert W. Corell, discussion with Jignasha Rana, Earth Policy Institute, 15 July 2009.

208

Ohio State University, “Greenland’s Glaciers Losing Ice Faster This Year than Last Year, Which Was Record-Setting Itself”, news release (Columbus, OH: 13 December 2008).

209

H. Jay Zwally et al., “Surface Melt-Induced Acceleration of Greenland Ice-Sheet Flow”, Science, vol. 297 (12 July 2002), pp. 218–222.

210

U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), “Antarctica: Fact Sheet” — см.: www.eia.doe.gov, September 2000.

211

“Giant Antarctic Ice Shelves Shatter and Break Away”, Environment News Service, 19 March 2002; слова Вона приведены в статье: Andrew Revkin, “Large Ice Shelf in Antarctica Disintegrates at Great Speed”, New York Times, 20 March 2002.

212

“Breakaway Bergs Disrupt Antarctic Ecosystem”, Environment News Service, 9 May 2002; “Giant Antarctic Ice Shelves Shatter and Break Away”, op. cit. note 39.

213

NSIDC, «Larsen B Ice Shelf Collapses in Antarctica” — см.: nsidc.org/ news/press/larsen_B/2002.html, 21 March 2002; “Breakaway Bergs Disrupt Antarctic Ecosystem”, op. cit. note 40; “Giant Antarctic Ice Shelves Shatter and Break Away”, p. cit. note 39.

214

University of Colorado at Boulder, “NASA, CU-Boulder Study Shows Vast Regions of West Antarctica Melted in Recent Past”, press release (Boulder: 15 May 2008).

215

Peter Brown, “NASA Satellites Watch Polar Ice Shelf Break into Crushed Ice”, Scientific American, July 2008).

216

NASA Earth Observatory, “Wilkins Ice Bridge Collapse” — см.: earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php? id=37806, размещено на сайте 8 апреля 2009 г.

217

Michael Byrnes, «New Antarctic Iceberg Split No Threat”, Reuters, 20 May 2002.

218

Robin McKie, “Scientists to Issue Stark Warning Over Dramatic New Sea Level Figures”, Guardian (London), 8 March 2009; IPCC, op. cit note 1, p. 13; Pfeffer, Harper, and O’Neel, op. cit. note 2; USGS, Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.4: Abrupt Climate Change (Washington, DC: 2009), p. 9.

219

McGranahan et al., op. cit. note 26.

220

Там же.

221

World Glacier Monitoring Service, University of Zurich, “Glacier Mass Balance Data 2006 and 2007” — см.: www.geo.uzh.ch/wgms/mbb/ mbb10/sum07.html, материал обновлен 30 января 2009 г.

222

Lester R. Brown, “Melting Mountain Glaciers Will Shrink Grain Harvests in China and India”, Plan B Update (Washington, DC: Earth Policy Institute, 20 March 2008).

223

USDA, Production, Supply and Distribution, электронная база данных — см.: www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline, материал обновлен 12 мая 2009 г.

224

IPCC, op. cit. note 3, pp. 493–494; Emily Wax, “A Sacred River Endangered by Global Warming”, Washington Post, 17 June 2007.

225

Clifford Coonan, “China’s Water Supply Could be Cut Off as Tibet's, Glaciers Melt”, The Independent (London), 31 May 2007; UNEP, op. cit. note 2, p. 131; об орошении посевов риса водами реки Янцзы см.: «Yangtze River — Agriculture”, Encyclopedia Britannica, online encyclopedia, просмотрено 25 июля 2007 г.

226

Qiu, op. cit. note 12.

227

UNEP, op. cit. note 2, p. 131; Mehrdad Khalili, “The Cilmate of Iran: North, South, Kavir (Desert), Mountains”, San’ate Hamlo Naql, March 1997, pp. 48–53.

228

Lonnie Thompson, “Disappearing Glaciers Evidence of a Rapidly Changing Earth”, American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting, San Francisco, February 2001; Lonnie Thompson, “Receding Glaciers Erase Records of Climate History”, Science News, 14 February 2009; “The Peak of Mt Kilimanjaro As It Has Not Been Seen for 11,000 Years”, Guardian (London), 14 March 2005; Bancy Wangui, “Crisis Looms as Rivers Around Mt. Kenya Dry Up”, East Africa Standard, 1 July 2007.

229

Eric Hansen, “Hot Peaks”, OnEarth, fall 2002, p. 8.

230

Leslie Josephus, “Global Warming Threatens Double-Trouble for Peru: Shrinking Glaciers and a Water Shortage”, Associated Press, 12 February 2007; Citation World Atlas (Union NJ: Hammond World Atlas Cor poration, 2004); Thompson, “Receding Glaciers”, op. cit. note 56.

231

Josephus, op. cit. note 58; U. N. Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database — см.: esa.un.org/ unpp, материал обновлен 11 марта 2009 г.

232

U. N. Population Division, Urban Agglomerations 2007 Wall Chart — см.: www.un.org/esa/population, материал обновлен в июне 2008 г.; James Painter, “Peru’s Alarming Water Truth”, BBC News, 12 March 2007.

233

Giles Tremlett, “Climate Change Lays Waste to Spain’s Glaciers”, Guardian (London), 23 February 2009.

234

Anne Minard, “No More Glaciers in Glacier National Park by 2020?” National Geographic News, 2 February 2009.

235

Michael Kiparsky and Peter Gleick, Climate Change and California Water Resources: A Survey and Summary of the Literature (Oakland, CA: Pacific Institute, 2003); Timothy Cavagnaro et al., Climate Change: Challenges and Solutions for California Agricultural Landscapes (Sacramento, CA: California Climate Change Center, 2006).

236

Michael J. Scott et al., “Climate Change and Adaptation in Irrigated Agriculture — A Case Study of the Yakima River” — в книге: UCOWR/ NIWR Conference, Water Allocation: Economics and the Environment (Carbondale, IL: Universities Council on Water Resources, 2004); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, “Global Warming to Squeeze Western Montains Dry by 2050”, press release (Richland, WA: 16 February 2004).

237

John E. Sheeby, International Rice Research Institute, сообщение по электронной почте, посланное Джанет Ларсен из Earth Policy Institute 1 октября 2002 г.; Pedro Sanchez, “The Climate Change-Soil Fertility-Food Security Nexus”, выступление на конференции “Устойчивая продовольственная безопасность для всех к 2020 г.”, Бонн, Германия 4–6 сентября 2002 г.

238

K. S. Kavi Kumar and Jyoti Parikh, “Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture”, International Review for Environmental Strategies, vol. 2, No. 2 (2001), pp. 277–293; U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 59.

239

Mohan К. Wali et al., “Assessing Terrestrial Ecosystem Sustainability”, Nature & Resources, October-December 1999, pp. 21–33.

240

Shaоbing Peng et al., “Rice Yields Decline with Higher Night Temperature from Global Warming”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, “Warmer Evening Temperatures Lower Rice Yields”, press release (Washington, DC: 29 June 2004).

241

Sheehy, op. cit. note 65; Sanchez, op. cit. note 65.

242

Tim P. Barnett et al., “Human-Induced Changes in the Hydrology of the Western United States”, Science, vol. 319 (22 February 2008); T. M. Shanahan et al., “Atlantic Forcing of Persistent Drought in West Africa”, Science, vol. 324 (17 April 2009); Marshall B. Burke, David B. Lobell, and Luigi Guarino, “Shifts in African Crop Climates by 2050, and the Implications for Crop Improvement and Genetic Resources Conservation”, Global Environmental Change, в печати.

243

U. N. Population Division, op. cit. note 59; Burke, Lobell, and Guarino, op. cit. note 70; Marlowe Hood, “Warming May Outstrip Africa’s Ability to Feed Itself: Study”, Agence France-Presse, 17 June 2009.

244

IEA, op. cit. note 6, pp. 221, 225; DOE, EIA, “How Dependent Are We on Foreign Oil?” — см.: tonto.eia.doe.gov/energy_in_brief/foreign_oil_dependence.cfm, материал обновлен 23 апреля 2009 г.; U. S. Bureau of the Census, “Most of Us Still Drive to Work Alone — Public Transportation Commuters Concentrated in a Handful of Large Cities”, press release (Washington DC: 13 June 2007); Peter Whorinskey, “GM to Build Small Car in U. S.”, Washington Post, 29 May 2009.

245

Ayesha Rascoe, “U. S. Oil Demand in 2008 Hit a 10-year Low: Government”, Reuters, 7 July 2009; DOE, EIA, Short-Term Energy Outlook (Washington DC: 27 February 2009), pp. 22; Ayesha Rascoe, “U. S. Public Transit 2008 Ridership Highest in 52 years”, Reuters, 9 March 2009.

246

Campbell, op. cit. note 5; Michael T. Klare, “Entering the Tough Oil Era”, TomDispatch.com, 16 August 2007.

247

Michael T. Klare, “The Energy Crunch to Come”, TomDispatch.com, 22 March 2005; Jad Mouawad, “Big Oil’s Burden of Too Much Cash”, New York Times, 12 February 2005; Mark Williams, “The End of Oil?”, Technology Review, February 2005; John Vidal, “The End of Oil Is Closer Than You Think”, Guardian (London), 21 April 2005.

248