Умная толпа - Говард Рейнгольд

5. John F. Shoch and Jon A. Hupp, «Notes on the 'Worm' Programs — Some Early Experience with a Distributed Computation», Xerox PARC, September 1980.

6. Ibid., 1. See also: John Branner, Shockwave Rider (New York: Del Rey, 1975), 249-252.

7. Miron Livny and Udi Manber, «Distributed Computation Via Active Messages», IEEE Transactions on Computers 34, 12 (1985): 1185-1190.

8. «Deepest Computation in History for a Yes/No Answer», Technical News Release, 29 September 1999, «http://www.perfsci.com/ F24release.html» (1 February 2002).

9. «GIMPS Finds First Million-Digit Prime, Stakes Claim to $50,000 EFF Award», 30 June 1999, «http://www.mersenne.org/6972593.htm» (30 January 2002).

10. «Distributed Computing for Global Climate Research at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory», «http://www.climate-dynamics.rl.ac.uk/ index.html» (25 January 2002).

11. United Devices, «http://www.ud.com/» (1 February 2002).

12. «The United Devices Cancer Research Program», «http://www.intel.com/cure/united.htm» (23 December 2001).

13. Henry Norr, «Idle Computer Time Can Fight Cancer», San Francisco Chronicle, 4 April 2001, Bl.

14. Paul Marks, «Anthrax Screensaver Finds Promising New Drugs», NewScientist.com, 19 February 2002, «http://www.newscientist.com/ news/news.jsp?id=ns99991953» (19 February 2002).

15. Google Compute, «http://toolbar. google.com/dc/faq_dc.html» (6 March 2002).

16. Harry McCracken, «The Digital Century», PC World, December 1999, «http://www.pcworld.com/resource/article.asp?aid=13531» (5 February 2002).

17. Matt Richtel, «With Napster Down, Its Audience Fans Out», New York Times, 20 July 2001, «http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/20/ college/coll20MUSI.html» (2 February 2002); Ron Harris, «Technology: Copyright Laws at Stake in Napster Case», Nando Times, 2 March 2001, «http://archive.nandotimes.eom/technology/story/0,1643,500458967500698582503788773-0,00.html» (5 February 2002).

18. Dan Bricklin, «The Cornucopia of the Commons», in Peer-to-Peer: Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies, ed. Andy Oram (Sebastopol, Calif: O'Reilly and Associates, 2001).

19. Ashlee Vance, «Napster Serenades Songwriters, Ready to End Lawsuit», Unlimited Net, 26 September 2001, «http://www.unlimited.net.nz/unlimited/unlimited.nsf/ArchiveByAuthor/3CC3423C3EA87267CC256AD2006D2BA9?OpenDocument» (5 February 2002).

20. «Napster Offers $1 Billion to Settle Suit», CNN.com, 21 February 2001, «http://www.cnn.com/2001/LAW/02/20/napster.settlement.03/» (5 February 2002).

21. Gene Kan [1977-2002], «Gnutella», in Peer-to-Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies, ed. Andy Oram (Sebastopol, Calif.: O'Reilly and Associates, 2001); «What Is Gnutella?» Gnutella News, «http://www.gnutellanews.com/information/what_is_gnutella.shtml» (2 February 2002).

22. Nullsoft, Inc., «http://www.nullsoft.com/» (29 January 2002).

23. David E. Weekly, «Client as Server: The New Model», Freshmeat. net, 16 April 2000, «http://freshmeat.net/articles/view/155/» (2 February 2002).

24. Gnutella News.

25. Kelly Truelove, «Gnutella and the Transient Web», OpenP2P.com, 22 March 2001, «http://www.openp2p.eom/pub/a/p2p/2001/03/22/traelove.html» (17 January 2002).

26. Eytan Adar and Bernardo A. Huberman, «Free Riding on Gnutella», First Monday 5, 10 (2000), «http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue5_ 10/adar/index.html» (2 February 2002).

27. Mojo Nation, «http://www.mojonation.net/» (23 January 2002).

28. Steven Johnson, «The Taste Test», Feed, 8 May 2001, «http:// www.feedmag.com/templates/default.php3?a_id=1703» (23 December 2001).

29. Lou Gerstner, addressing the eBusiness Conference Expo in New York City, 12 December 2000, «http://www.ibm.com/lvg/1212.phtml» (2 February 2002).

30. Michelle Delio, «The Grid Draws Its Battle Lines», Wired News, 20 February 2002, «http://www.wired.com/news/technol-ogy/0,1282,50538,00.html» (29 March 2002).

31. Ian Foster, «Internet Computing and the Emerging Grid», Nature, 7 December 2000, «http://www.nature.com/nature/webmatters/grid/ grid.html» (23 November 2001).

32. John Markoff, «The Soul of the Ultimate Machine», New York Times, 12 December 2000, «http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/10/ technology/10SMAR.html» (24 January 2002).

33. Steve Lohr, «IBM Making a Commitment to Next Phase of the Internet», New York Times, 2 August 2001, «http://www.nytimes. com/2001/08/02/technology/02BLUE.html»

34. Ann Harrison, «The Crime of Distributed Computing», Register, 12 December 2001, «http://www.theregister.co.Uk/content/6/23477.html» (1 February 2002).

35. Steven Bonisteel, «Criminal Charges Settled in Distributed-Com-puting Case», Newsbytes, 17 January 2002, «http://www.newsbytes.com/ news/02/173751.html».

36. Lawrence Lessig, The Future of Ideas (New York: Random House 2001).

Глава 4

1. Epigraph: Mark Weiser, «The Computer for the 21st Century», Scientific American, September 1991, p. 94-104. «http://www.ubiq.corn/ hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.html», 2 February 2002.

2. Howard Rheingold, Tools for Thought (New York: Simon amp; Schuster, 1985).

3. Joel Garreau, «You Are So Here», Washington Post, 19 August 2001: COl, «http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33379-2001Augl9.html» (22 January 2002).

4. «Sensor Networks for Healthcare, the Environment, and Homeland Defense», «http://www.soe.ucsd.edu/Research_Review/agenda.html» (1 January 2002).

5. Saikat Chatterjee, «Netravali Sees a Networked Sphere in Ten Years», Business Times, The Times of India, New Delhi, 9 June 2000.

6. M. Weiser, R. Gold, and J. S. Brown, «The Origins of Ubiquitous Computing Research at PARC in the Late 1980s», IBM Systems Journal 38, 4 (1999): 693-696, «http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/384/ weiser.html» (2 February 2002).

7. Mark Weiser, «Ubiquitous Computing», «http://www.ubiq.com/ hypertext/weiser/UbiHome.html» (29 January 2002).

8. Weiser, «The Computer for the 21st Century».

9. «The Trojan Room Coffee Machine», «http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/ coffee/eoffee.html» (22 January 2002).

10. Weiser, «The Computer for the 21st Century».

11. Howard Rheingold, Virtual Reality (New York: Summit, 1991).

12. Myron Krueger, Artificial Reality (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1983).

13. Myron Krueger, «Responsive Environments», NCC Proceedings, 1977, 422-433.

14. Warren Robinett, «Electronic Expansion of Human Perception», Whole Earth Review, Fall 1991, 16-21.

15. Alex Pentland, «The Dance of Bits and Atoms», «http://www.white.media.mit.edu/people/sandy/profile.html» (2 February 2002).

16. Ivan E. Sutherland, «The Ultimate Display», Proceedings of 1FIPS Congress, 2 May 1965, 506-508.

17. Alex P. Pentland, «Smart Rooms», Scientific American 274 (April 1996): 68-76, «http://www.sciam.com/0496issue/0496pentland.html» (11 December 2001).

18. Elisa Batista, «Big Blue's Big Brother Lab», Wired News, 24 April 2001, «http://www.wired.eom/news/technology/0,1282,43186,00.htrnl» (24 February 2002).

19. J. C. Spohrer, «Information in Places», IBM Systems Journal 38, 4 (1996), «http://www.research.ibm.com/jouraal/sj/384/spohrer.html» (24 November 2001).

20. Ivan E. Sutherland, «Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communication System», Proceedings of the Spring Joint Computer Conference, Detroit, Michigan, May 1963, and MIT Lincoln Laboratory Technical Report #296, January 1963.

21. Ivan E. Sutherland, «A Head-Mounted Three-Dimensional Display», AFIPS Conference Proceedings 33, Part I, 1968, 757-764.

22. S. Feiner, B. Maclntyre, and D. Seligmann, «Knowledge-Based Augmented Reality», Communications of the ACM 36 (July 1993): 52-62.

23. Spohrer, «Information in Places».

24. Per Persson and Fredrik Espinoza, «GeoNotes: Social Enhancement of Physical Space», ERCIM News 47, October 2001, «http://www.ercim.org/ publication/Ercirn_News/enw47/persson.html» (2 February 2002).

25. Jun Rekimoto, Yuji Ayatsuka, and Kazutera Hayashi, «Augment-able Reality: Situated Communication through Physical and Digital Spaces», Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wearable Computing, 1998, «http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/rekimoto/papers/ iswc98.pdf» (22 December 2001).

26. Ismail Haritaoglu, «InfoScope: Link from Real World to Digital Information Space», in Ubicomp 2001: Ubiquitous Computing. Third International Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, September 30-October 2, 2001: Proceedings, ed. Gregory С Abowd, Barry Bromitt, and Steven A. Shafer, 247-255. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2201, Springer 2001, «http:// link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/papers/2201/22010247.pdf»

27. Salil Pradhan et al, «Websigns: Hyperlinking Physical Locations to the Web», IEEE Computer 34 (August 2001): 42-46.

28. Steven Feiner et al., «A Touring Machine: Prototyping 3D Mobile Augmented Reality Systems for Exploring the Urban Environment», Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Wearable Computers (1997): 74-81, «http://www.computer.org/conferen/proceed/8192/ pdf/81920074.pdf» (5 February 2002).

29. Scott Fisher, «Environmental Media: Linking Virtual Environments to the Physical World», Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Mixed Reality, Yokohama, Japan, March 2001, «http:// www.wem.sfc.keio.ac.jp/wern/RawMedia/Fisher.pdf» (3 February 2002).

30. David S. Bennahum, «Be Here Now», Wired 9.11, November 2001, «http://www.wired.eom/wired/archive/9.11/location.html» (3 February 2002).

31. Garreau, «You Are So Here».

32. «Direction Finding CDMA Handset from KDDI», 27 February 2002, «http://www.cellular-news.com/story/5932.shtml» (6 March 2002).

33. Universal Design of Digital City Project Overview, «http//www.digitalcity.jst.go.jp/about-e.html» (3 February 2002).

34. Risto Linturi, Marja-Riitta Koivunen, and Jari Sulkanen, «Helsinki Arena 2000-Augmenting a Real City to a Virtual One», Digital Cities 2000 83-96, «http://www.linturi.fi/HelsinkiArena2000/» (11 January 2001).

35. The Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS), «http://www.citris.berkeley.edu/about_citris.html» (3 February 2002).

36. Wade Roush, «Networking the Infrastructure», Technology Review, December 2001, «http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/roushl201.asp» (11 December 2001).

37. Russ Adams, «Bar Code History Page», BarCode 1, 16 (March 2001), «http://www.adamsl.com/pub/rassadam/history.html» (3 February 2002); See also: «The Origins of a Bar Code», Uniform Code Council, 2002, «http://www.uc-council.org/about_ucc/uc_bar_code_origin.html» (11 January 2002).

38. Charlie Schmidt, «Beyond the Bar Code», Technology Review, March 2001, «http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/schmidt0301. asp» (6 January 2002).

39. Barpoint, «http://www.barpoint.com» (3 February 2002).

40. «Organic Transistors and the Death of the Bar Code», Berkeley Engineering Lab Votes 2 (February — March 2002), «http://www.coe.berkeley.edu/labnotes/0202/barcode.html» (29 March 2002).

41. Auto-ID Center, «http://www.autoidcenter.org/main.asp» (29 March 2002).

42. Junko Yoshida, «Euro Bank Notes to Embed RFID Chips by 2005», ЕЕ Times, 19 December 2001, «http://www.eet.com/story/OEG20011219S0016» (29 January 2002).

43. Wes Vernon, «Latest Privacy Nightmare: Money That Tracks You», NewsMax.com, 28 July 2001, «http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles /2001/7/27/212324.shtml» (3 February 2002).